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Dimitri Hein, Christian Mai
The Usage of Presence Measurements in Research: A Review
In Proceedings of the International Society for Presence Research Annual Conference (bib)

The research on presence in recent years resulted in a number of definitions and methods to measure it. Due to the variety of concepts it is difficult for today's and future researchers to compare and interpret presence ratings of individual studies. We conducted a literature review in order to gain insight into the usage of presence measurements in studies using head-mounted displays in the years 2016 and 2017. We show that 93\% of the 41 reviewed studies rely on eight presence questionnaires with the Witmer and Singer Presence Questionnaire being utilized the most. The usage of behavioral or physiological measures is very rare. With our work we aim to foster the discussion about guidelines of presence measurements that help practitioners and researchers to evaluate their work in a sustainable manner.