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Debargha "Dave" Dey, Kai Holländer, Melanie Berger, Bastian Pfleging, Berry Eggen, Marieke Martens, Jaques Terken
Distance-based eHMIs for the Interaction between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians: An Experimental Study Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, September 2020, Virtual Event, DC, USA; (bib) |
External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) support automated vehicles (AVs) in interacting with vulnerable road users such as pedestrians. While related work investigated various eHMIs concepts, these concepts communicate their message in one go as an atomic action at a single point in time. There are no empirical insights yet whether distance-dependent multi-step information that provides additional context as the vehicle approaches a pedestrian can increase the user experience. We conducted a video-based study ($N=24$) with an eHMI concept that offers pedestrians information about the vehicle's intent without providing any further context information, and compared it with two novel eHMI concepts that provide additional information when approaching the pedestrian. Our results show that additional distance-based information helps pedestrians to make quicker decisions and enhances comprehension of the vehicle's intention. This insight posits the importance of distance-dependent information in the development of eHMI technology to strengthen the usability, acceptance, and safety of AVs. |